Chicago

References/Works Cited

• Books
• Periodical Articles
• Web Pages
• Miscellaneous Sources

These guidelines are based on the 15th edition of the

Chicago Manual of Style - Online
Ref Desk Z253 .U69 2003 - Print

Chicago style outlines two different systems for documenting sources. The notes and bibliography style commonly used by historians is presented below. Instructions for using the author-date system, which employs in-text citations keyed to a reference list, may be found at the Chicago Author-Date System page.

References/Works Cited

BOOKS

Use the following format:

First Note:
     First then Last Name, Title of Work (Location: Publisher, date), page.

Subsequent Notes:
     Last Name, Shortened Title, page.

Bibliography:
     Last Name, First Name. Title of Work. Location: Publisher, Date.

One author/editor

     1. Harold J. Krent, Presidential Powers (New York: New York University Press, 2005), 17.

     4. Krent, Presidential Powers, 17.

Krent, Harold J. Presidential Powers. New York: New York University Press, 2005.

Two or three authors/editors

     1. Sueann Caufield, Sarah C. Chambers and Laura Putnam, eds., Honor, Status, and Law in Modern Latin America (New York: New York University Press, 2005), 41.

     4. Caufield, Honor, Status, and Law, 41.

Caufield, Sueann, Sarah C. Chambers, and Laura Putnam, eds. Honor, Status, and Law in Modern Latin America. New York: New York University Press, 2005.

Corporate author

     1. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV-TR (Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000), 117.

     4. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 117.

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.

Chapter/essay in an edited book

     1. John Tallmadge, "Deerslayer with a Degree," in Eco-Man: New Perspectives on Masculinity and Nature, ed. M. Allister (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2004), 24.

     4. Tallmadge, "Deerslayer with a Degree," 24.

Tallmadge, John. "Deerslayer with a Degree." In Eco-Man: New Perspectives on Masculinity and Nature, edited by M. Allister, 17-27. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2004.

Encyclopedia article

     1. A. R. Maryanski, "Evolution Theory," in Encyclopedia of Social Theory, vol. 1 (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2004), 260.

     4. Maryanski, "Evolution Theory," 260.

Maryanski, A. R. "Evolution Theory." In Encyclopedia of Social Theory, vol. 1, 257-262. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2004.

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PERIODICAL ARTICLES

Use the following format:

First Note:
     First then last name, "Title of Article," Title of Periodical volume, issue (date): Page.

Subsequent Notes:
     Last Name, "Shortened Article Title," page.

Bibliography:
     Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Title of Periodical volume, issue
          (date): pages.

Journal article - one author

     1. Tom Austin, "Miami Noir," Columbia Journalism Review 44, no. 5 (2006): 30.

     4. Austin, "Miami Noir," 31.

Austin, Tom. "Miami Noir," Columbia Journalism Review 44, no. 5 (2006): 28-37.

Journal article - two or three authors

     1. Brett Hutchins and Lester Libby, "Environmental Protest and Tap-Dancing with the Media in the Information Age," Media, Culture & Society 28, no. 3 (2006): 444.

     4. Hutchins, "Environmental Protest," 444.

Hutchins, Brett and Lester Libby. "Environmental Protest and Tap-Dancing with the Media in the Information Age." Media, Culture & Society 28, no. 3 (2006): 433-51.

Magazine article

     1. Jeff Tietz, "Boss Hog," Rolling Stone, December 14, 2006, 90.

     4. Tietz, "Boss Hog," 90.

Tietz, Jeff. "Boss Hog." Rolling Stone, December 14, 2006, 90.

Full text article from an online database

     1. Ann-Sofie Wernersson, "Aquatic Ecotoxicity Due to Oil Pollution in the Ecuadorian Amazon," Ecosystem Health & Management 7, no. 1 (2004): 130, http://search.ebscohost.com.

     4. Wernersson, "Aquatic Ecotoxicity," 130.

Wernersson, Ann-Sofie. "Aquatic Ecotoxicity Due to Oil Pollution in the Ecuadorian Amazon," Ecosystem Health & Management 7, no. 1 (2004): 127-136. http://search.ebscohost.com.

Online journal article with no print equivalent

     1. Richard Wiggins, "Al Gore and the Creation of the Internet," First Monday 5, no. 10 (2002), http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue5_10/wiggins/index.html.

     4. Wiggins, "Al Gore."

Wiggins, Richard. "Al Gore and the Creation of the Internet." First Monday 5, no. 10 (2002). http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue5_10/wiggins/index.html.

Online newspaper article

     1. Monte Reel, "Two Views of Justice Fuel Bolivian Land Battle," Washington Post, June 20, 2006, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

     4. Reel, "Two Views."

Reel, Monte. "Two Views of Justice Fuel Bolivian Land Battle." Washington Post, June 20, 2006. http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

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WEB PAGES

Citing internet resources accurately can be tricky because there are so many different types of web-based documents used in research. For a detailed explanation of how to cite electronic media, consult the 15th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style, chapter 17.234-237. You may also wish to consult the Chicago page of Bedford St. Martin's Online! Citation Styles and Research and Documentation Online for more examples and suggestions.

Web page with an author

     1. Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess, "The Meaning of Civility," Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, 1997, http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/civility.htm.

     4. Burgess, "The Meaning of Civility."

Burgess, Guy and Heidi Burgess, "The Meaning of Civility," Conflict Research Consortium. University of Colorado, 1997. http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/civility.htm.

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MISCELLANEOUS SOURCES

Unpublished interview

     1. Richard Couper, interview by Randall Ericson, CD, Hamilton College Archives, Clinton, New York, 2004.

     4. Couper, Interview.

Couper, Richard. Interview by Randall Ericson. CD. Hamilton College Archives. Clinton, New York, 2004.

Films/videos

     1. O Brother, Where Art Thou?, DVD, directed by Joel Coen (2000; Burbank, CA: Touchstone Home Video, 2001).

     4. O Brother, Where Art Thou?.

O Brother, Where Art Thou?. DVD. Directed by Joel Coen. 2000; Burbank, CA: Touchstone Home Video, 2001.

Government publications

     1. U.S. Congress, House, Select Committee to Investigate Cover Arms Transactions with Iran, Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran-Contra Affair: With Supplemental, Minority, and Additional Views, 100th Cong., 1st sess., 1987, S. Rep. 216, H.R. Rep. 433, 9-10.

     4. U.S. Congress, Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran-Contra Affair, 9-10.

U.S. Congress. House. Select Committee to Investigate Cover Arms Transactions with Iran. Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran-Contra Affair: With Supplemental, Minority, and Additional Views. 100th Cong., 1st sess., 1987. S. Rep. 216, H.R. Rep. 433.

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Questions? Ask a librarian for further assistance.

(Updated: September 15, 2008)